We spend most of our time indoors. The modern world’s focus on fast-paced urbanisation and around-the-clock work has led to technological innovation and the growth of economies but comes at a severe cost. Our disconnection from the natural world has significant effects on our mental and physical well-being.
Biophilic design is the practice of integrating nature into our modern, indoor environments. As Stephen R. Kellert, writing for Metropolis, notes, “Our species has evolved for more than 99% of its history in adaptive response to the natural world and not to human-created or artificial forces.”
Modern spaces with limited natural light, artificial ventilation, lack of vegetation and views, and unnatural shapes and forms go directly against our evolution. We evolved for hundreds of thousands of years interacting with natural environments every day, and biophilic design seeks to reconnect us with nature.
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Principles of biophilic design
Biophilic design emphasises natural elements that have historically benefited human health, fitness, and survival. These include natural light, water, greenery, and open spaces. It requires regular and consistent exposure to natural elements, rather than occasional or brief experiences. A workspace with views of greenery or water is more beneficial than an isolated plant in the corner of a room.
To be most effective, biophilic design elements must be integrated into environments in a way that feels natural. This can involve a building layout that brings sunlight into multiple rooms.
Biophilic design also emphasises connections among people within the built environment. Shared green spaces can bring people together and enhance our sense of community.
How nature benefits us
Research has shown that people who work in spaces with access to natural light, greenery, and views of nature experience reduced stress, enhanced creativity, and improved cognitive performance. Exposure to nature can reduce cortisol levels and promote relaxation. Natural environments are known to boost mood and combat anxiety and depression. Studies indicate that green spaces can stimulate the production of serotonin, a neurotransmitter linked with happiness and well-being. Natural elements can improve memory, attention span, and concentration.
Physical health is boosted, too: natural light regulates circadian rhythms (our sleep-wake cycle), which is essential for sleep quality and overall health. Poor lighting can lead to fatigue. Biophilic design prioritises natural lighting, which is crucial for those of us spending long hours indoors.
Practical applications of biophilic design
Large windows, skylights, and light wells can allow us to enjoy the many benefits of natural light, from warding off seasonal depression to improved sleep and mood.
Indoor greenery, including vertical gardens and green walls, can help purify the air, improve humidity, and bring colour and life into our indoor spaces.
Natural materials can evoke nature and provide sensory engagement. A stylish interior door can bring a sense of the outdoors into the home, either through a wood such as white oak, or a glazed window that allows natural light inside.
Views of nature, from rooms that overlook outdoor landscapes or gardens, can make an indoor space feel like part of the natural world.